Can I call an overloaded constructor from another constructor of the same class in C#?

No, You can’t do that, the only place you can call the constructor from another constructor in C# is immediately after “:” after the constructor.
for example

class foo
{
    public foo(){}
    public foo(string s ) { }
    public foo (string s1, string s2) : this(s1) {....}

}