How to use the same Python virtualenv on both Windows and Linux

Short answer, NO. But you can share the venv build scripts.

  1. pip freeze all libraries to a requirements.txt file.

    pip freeze > requirements.txt
    
  2. Create the venv on each OS:

    python -m venv env
    source env/bin/activate
    pip install -r requirements.txt  # Install all the libs.
    

There are several reasons why venvs cannot be shared across OSes:

  1. Some packages contains C extensions, and the OS’ .dlls are not compatible with each other.
  2. venvs contain scripts with hardcoded paths. Windows and Linux paths are different.

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