Git on Bitbucket: Always asked for password, even after uploading my public SSH key

Are you sure you cloned it using the ssh url?

The url for origin says url = https://Nicolas_Raoul@bitbucket.org/Nicolas_Raoul/therepo.git so if it is using https it will ask for password irrespective of your ssh keys.

So what you want to do is the following:

open your config file in your current repo ..

vim .git/config

and change the line with the url from

[remote "origin"]
        fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
        url = https://Nicolas_Raoul@bitbucket.org/Nicolas_Raoul/therepo.git

to

[remote "origin"]
        fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
        url = git@bitbucket.org:Nicolas_Raoul/therepo.git