I went searching around for a similar question – the way I’ve managed to initialize a Git repository for an existing project file is this (disclaimer: this is done in Visual Studio 2013 Express, without a Team Foundation Server setup):
- Open the project in Visual Studio.
- Go to menu File → Add to Source Control.
That did it for me – assuming Git is set up for you, you can go to menu View → Team Explorer, then double click the repository for your project file, and make your initial commit (making sure to add whatever files you’d like).