List test = {1, 2, 3} – is it a feature or a bug?

I think this is a by-design behavior. The Test = { 1, 2, 3 } is compiled into code that calls Add method of the list stored in the Test field.

The reason why you’re getting NullReferenceException is that Test is null. If you initialize the Test field to a new list, then the code will work:

class Test {    
  public List<int> Field = new List<int>(); 
}  

// Calls 'Add' method three times to add items to 'Field' list
var t = new Test { Field = { 1, 2, 3 } };

It is quite logical – if you write new List<int> { ... } then it creates a new instance of list. If you don’t add object construction, it will use the existing instance (or null). As far as I can see, the C# spec doesn’t contain any explicit translation rule that would match this scenario, but it gives an example (see Section 7.6.10.3):

A List<Contact> can be created and initialized as follows:

var contacts = new List<Contact> {
    new Contact {
        Name = "Chris Smith",
        PhoneNumbers = { "206-555-0101", "425-882-8080" }
    },
    new Contact {
        Name = "Bob Harris",
        PhoneNumbers = { "650-555-0199" }
    }
};

which has the same effect as

var contacts = new List<Contact>();
Contact __c1 = new Contact();
__c1.Name = "Chris Smith";
__c1.PhoneNumbers.Add("206-555-0101");
__c1.PhoneNumbers.Add("425-882-8080");
contacts.Add(__c1);
Contact __c2 = new Contact();
__c2.Name = "Bob Harris";
__c2.PhoneNumbers.Add("650-555-0199");
contacts.Add(__c2);

where __c1 and __c2 are temporary variables that are otherwise invisible and inaccessible.