Reentrant

Synchronized blocks use reentrant locks, which means if the thread already holds the lock, it can re-aquire it without problems. Therefore your code will work as you expect.

See the bottom of the Java Tutorial page Intrinsic Locks and Synchronization.

To quote as of 2015-01…

Reentrant Synchronization

Recall that a thread cannot acquire a lock owned by another thread. But a thread can acquire a lock that it already owns. Allowing a thread to acquire the same lock more than once enables reentrant synchronization. This describes a situation where synchronized code, directly or indirectly, invokes a method that also contains synchronized code, and both sets of code use the same lock. Without reentrant synchronization, synchronized code would have to take many additional precautions to avoid having a thread cause itself to block.