Windows: Command line to read version info of an executable file?

wmic datafile where name="C:\\Windows\\System32\\msiexec.exe" get Version /value 

You can use wmic to do it. And you can wrap it into a batch file

@echo off
    setlocal enableextensions

    set "file=%~1"
    if not defined file goto :eof
    if not exist "%file%" goto :eof

    set "vers="
    FOR /F "tokens=2 delims==" %%a in ('
        wmic datafile where name^="%file:\=\\%" get Version /value 
    ') do set "vers=%%a"

    echo(%file% = %vers% 

    endlocal

Save it as (example) getVersion.cmd and call as getVersion.cmd "c:\windows\system32\msiexec.exe"

edited to adapt to comments and not require administrator rights. In this case, an hybrid cmd/javascript file is used to query wmi. Same usage

@if (@this==@isBatch) @then
@echo off
    setlocal enableextensions

    set "file=%~f1"
    if not exist "%file%" goto :eof

    cscript //nologo //e:jscript "%~f0" /file:"%file%"

    endlocal

    exit /b
@end
    var file = WScript.Arguments.Named.Item('file').replace(/\\/g,'\\\\');
    var wmi = GetObject('winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\\\.\\root\\cimv2')
    var files = new Enumerator(wmi.ExecQuery('Select Version from CIM_datafile where name=\''+file+'\'')) 

    while (!files.atEnd()){
        WScript.StdOut.WriteLine(files.item().Version);
        files.moveNext();
    };
    WScript.Quit(0)