Where to raise persistence-dependent domain events – service, repository, or UI?

My solution is that you raise events in both Domain layer and service layer.

Your domain:

public class Order
{
    public void ChangeStatus(OrderStatus status)
    {
        // change status
        this.Status = status;
        DomainEvent.Raise(new OrderStatusChanged { OrderId = Id, Status = status });
    }

    public void AddNote(string note)
    {
        // add note
        this.Notes.Add(note)
        DomainEvent.Raise(new NoteCreatedForOrder { OrderId = Id, Note = note });
    }
}

Your service:

public class OrderService
{
    public void SubmitOrder(int orderId, OrderStatus status, string note)
    {
        OrderStatusChanged orderStatusChanged = null;
        NoteCreatedForOrder noteCreatedForOrder = null;

        DomainEvent.Register<OrderStatusChanged>(x => orderStatusChanged = x);
        DomainEvent.Register<NoteCreatedForOrder>(x => noteCreatedForOrder = x);

        using (var uow = UnitOfWork.Start())
        {
            var order = orderRepository.Load(orderId);
            order.ChangeStatus(status);
            order.AddNote(note);
            uow.Commit(); // commit to persist order
        }

        if (orderStatusChanged != null)
        {
            // something like this
            serviceBus.Publish(orderStatusChanged);
        }

        if (noteCreatedForOrder!= null)
        {
            // something like this
            serviceBus.Publish(noteCreatedForOrder);
        }
    }
}