What does @PrepareForTest in PowerMock really mean?

That annotation tells PowerMock(ito) that the listed classes will need to be manipulated on the byte code level.

You need to “prepare for test” all these classes X of which you want to

  • mock a static method (on X)
  • gain control over calls to new() used in another class X
  • gain control over private methods (which you do using a spy and
    PowerMockito.when(spy, "privateMethodNameAsString").then...

In other words:

  • To mock X.doStatic(), you have to prepare the class X.
  • To control new Y(...), you have to prepare the class X that contains that new statement.

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