There are several different problems which can lead to this timeout problem. A good tip for tracking it down is to enable the GUI mode. This will bring up the VirtualBox machine UI which may provide a better clue as to the problem.
To enable GUI mode, make sure this section in your Vagrantfile is uncommented:
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.gui = true
end
Then do a vagrant reload. This should bring up the VirtualBox application showing your virtual machine UI. Usually the problem will become apparent, whether it’s a network issue or grub boot loader problem.
After fixing the issue, you can comment this out again, then do another vagrant reload to return to headless mode.
Reference: Vagrant docs