Simply, the major version and minor version tagged in the semver string of @types/node is exactly corresponding to the node’s version.
If you check the index.d.ts file of @types/node in DefinitelyTyped repository, you’ll see what type of node is this declaration file for through the first line comment at the top of the file:
// Type definitions for non-npm package Node.js 16.11
// Project: https://nodejs.org/
....