Provide value on ‘System.Windows.Markup.StaticResourceHolder’ threw an exception

The problem is because of incorrect order of your styles. I mean that if we publish button style with reference on static resource NormalBrush, which is declared under the style, like this:

 <Style TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
    <Setter Property="Template">
        <Setter.Value>
            <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
                <Border Background="{StaticResource NormalBrush}" >
                    <ContentPresenter Name="ButtonCont"></ContentPresenter>
                </Border>
            </ControlTemplate>
        </Setter.Value>
    </Setter>       
</Style>

<LinearGradientBrush x:Key="NormalBrush" StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
    <GradientBrush.GradientStops>
        <GradientStopCollection>
            <GradientStop Color="#FFF" Offset="0.0"/>
            <GradientStop Color="#CCC" Offset="1.0"/>
        </GradientStopCollection>
    </GradientBrush.GradientStops>
</LinearGradientBrush>

This code will give you such error. But if you change, like this

<LinearGradientBrush x:Key="NormalBrush" StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
    <GradientBrush.GradientStops>
        <GradientStopCollection>
            <GradientStop Color="#FFF" Offset="0.0"/>
            <GradientStop Color="#CCC" Offset="1.0"/>
        </GradientStopCollection>
    </GradientBrush.GradientStops>
</LinearGradientBrush>

 <Style TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
    <Setter Property="Template">
        <Setter.Value>
            <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type Button}">
                <Border Background="{StaticResource ButtonBackground}" >
                    <ContentPresenter Name="ButtonCont"></ContentPresenter>
                </Border>
            </ControlTemplate>
        </Setter.Value>
    </Setter>       
</Style>

Everything works fine. The same this occurs if your resources are stored in different xaml files and you attach them in your ResourceDictionary. For example (consider we store our NormalBrush in Colors.xaml and Button in Button.xaml). This gives error:

<ResourceDictionary Source="Resources\Button.xaml" />
<ResourceDictionary Source="Resources\Colors.xaml" />

This should work error:

<ResourceDictionary Source="Resources\Colors.xaml" />
<ResourceDictionary Source="Resources\Button.xaml" />