Yes, there are limits imposed by the implementation. Your answer is given in the bold text in the following excerpt from the C++ Standard.
1. C++ Language
Annex B – Implementation quantities
Because computers are finite, C + + implementations are inevitably limited
in the size of the programs they can
successfully process. Every
implementation shall document those
limitations where known. This
documentation may cite fixed limits
where they exist, say how to compute
variable limits as a function of
available resources, or say that fixed
limits do not exist or are unknown.The limits may constrain quantities that include those described below or
others. The bracketed number following
each quantity is recommended as the
minimum for that quantity. However,
these quantities are only guidelines
and do not determine compliance.
—
Nesting levels of compound statements,
iteration control structures, and
selection control structures [256].
—
Nesting levels of conditional
inclusion [256].
— Pointer, array, and
function declarators (in any
combination) modifying an arithmetic,
structure, union, or incomplete type
in a declaration [256].
— Nesting
levels of parenthesized expressions
within a full expression [256].
—
Number of characters in an internal
identifier or macro name [1 024].
—
Number of characters in an external
identifier [1 024].
— External
identifiers in one translation unit
[65 536].
— Identifiers with block
scope declared in one block [1 024].
—
Macro identifiers simultaneously
defined in one translation unit [65
536].
— Parameters in one function
definition [256].
— Arguments in one
function call [256].
— Parameters in
one macro definition [256].
—
Arguments in one macro invocation
[256].
— Characters in one logical
source line [65 536].
— Characters in
a character string literal or wide
string literal (after concatenation)
[65 536].
— Size of an object [262
144].
— Nesting levels for #include
files [256].
— Case labels for a
switch statement (excluding those for
any nested switch statements) [16
384].
— Data members in a single
class, structure, or union [16 384].
—
Enumeration constants in a single
enumeration [4 096].
— Levels of
nested class, structure, or union
definitions in a single
struct-declaration-list [256].
—
Functions registered by atexit()[32].
— Direct and indirect base classes [16
384].
— Direct base classes for a
single class [1024].
— Members
declared in a single class [4 096].
—
Final overriding virtual functions in
a class, accessible or not [16 384].
—
Direct and indirect virtual bases of a
class [1 024].
— Static members of a
class [1 024].
— Friend declarations
in a class [4 096].
— Access control
declarations in a class [4 096].
—
Member initializers in a constructor
definition [6 144].
— Scope
qualifications of one identifier
[256].
— Nested external
specifications [1 024].
— Template
arguments in a template declaration [1
024].
— Recursively nested template
instantiations [17].
— Handlers per
try block [256].
— Throw
specifications on a single function
declaration [256].
Besides, it also says in $18.3/6,
Implementation Limits: The
implementation shall support the
registration of at least 32 functions.