Once you have the image element, e.g.:
Element image = document.select("img").first();
String url = image.absUrl("src");
// url = http://www.example.com/images/chicken.jpg
Alternatively:
String url = image.attr("abs:src");
Jsoup has a builtin absUrl() method on all nodes to resolve an attribute to an absolute URL, using the base URL of the node (which could be different from the URL the document was retrieved from).
See also the Working with URLs jsoup documentation.