Call .get()
at the very end to turn the resulting jQuery object into a true array.
$("#merge_button").click(function(event){
event.preventDefault();
var searchIDs = $("#find-table input:checkbox:checked").map(function(){
return $(this).val();
}).get(); // <----
console.log(searchIDs);
});
Per the documentation:
As the return value is a jQuery object, which contains an array, it’s very common to call .get() on the result to work with a basic array.