I recommend to use Closure Library (especially with closure compiler).
Here you have a library with data structures goog.structs.
The library contains:
goog.structs.AvlTree
goog.structs.CircularBuffer
goog.structs.Heap
goog.structs.InversionMap
goog.structs.LinkedMap
goog.structs.Map
goog.structs.PriorityQueue
goog.structs.Set
As example you can use unit test: goog.structs.PriorityQueueTest.
If you need to work on arrays, there’s also an array lib: goog.array.
As noted in comments, the source has moved to github.com/google/closure and the documentation’s new location is: google.github.io/closure-library.