Is there a programmatic way to inspect the current rpath on Linux?

For the record, here are a couple of commands that will show the rpath / runpath header.

objdump -x binary-or-library |grep 'R.*PATH'

Maybe an even better way to do it is the following:

readelf -d binary-or-library |head -20

The second command also lists the direct dependencies on other libraries followed by rpath.