Yes, it is possible.
Open a project (or a directory)
vscode://file/{full path to project}/
vscode://file/c:/myProject/
Open a file
vscode://file/{full path to file}
vscode://file/c:/myProject/package.json
Open a file to line and column
vscode://file/{full path to file}:line:column
vscode://file/c:/myProject/package.json:5:10
More details: https://github.com/Microsoft/vscode-docs/blob/master/docs/editor/command-line.md#opening-vs-code-with-urls