Is it more efficient to preallocate a vector?

It depends.

If you don’t know what the final size will be, then let the vector allocate using its allocation scheme (usually doubles each time, or somewhere around there). This way you avoid reallocating for every single element:

std::vector<int> v;

// good:
for (/* populate v */) // unknown number of iterations
{
    v.push_back(i); // possible reallocation, but not often
}

// bad:
for (/* populate v */) // unknown number of iterations
{
    v.reserve(v.size() + 1); // definite reallocation, every time
    v.push_back(i); // (no reallocation)
}

But if you know ahead of time you won’t be reallocating, then preallocate:

std::vector<int> v;

// good:
v.reserve(10); 
for (/* populate v */) // only 10 iterations (for example)
{
    v.push_back(i); // no reallocations
}

// not bad, but not the best:
for (/* populate v */) // only 10 iterations (for example)
{
    v.push_back(i); // possible reallocation, but not often (but more than needed!)
}