To set break points in Chrome bring up the inspector like you have shown above and click on the scripts option at the top. This will allow you to look at the scripts being used on the page and to insert break points on that page. As well as step through them and other useful debugging options.
The above is for javascript, to break on dom elements right click on the element (inside of the inspector) that you want to break on and it will bring up the context menu that allows you to break on subtree modifications and stuff like that.