If you have altered a topic and want to view the topic configuration the following command will be helpful
kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --describe --topics-with-overrides
This will describe only the topics along with configurations that have configurations set that differ from the cluster defaults.
If you want to view the configurations for all topic
Either you can view these properties log.retention.hours or log.retention.ms in server.properties in kafka config directory.