How to combine two conditions in a where clause?

solution 1: ( I prefer , more easy to understand)

Just write it like raw SQL:

Comment.where(
   "(user_id > ? AND user_id < ? ) OR (created_at > ? AND created_at < ?)",
   100, 200, "2022-06-01", "2022-06-05")

solution 2:

Comment.
  where(:created_at => time_range).
  where("user_id is not in (?)",[user_ids])

which will produce SQL like : select ... where ... AND ...