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The highlighting is called Text Fragments. Its a new feature that was recently added to Chrome 80. It works by specifying a text snippet in the URL hash.
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Yes it is browser specific.
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No, the experience that you get when clicking on a link from Google’s search results is part of Featured Snippets which are algorithmically determined. There is nothing you can incorporate into your code to prompt search engines to highlight text on your page.
There is no markup needed by webmasters. This happens automatically,
using Scroll To Text for HTML pages
https://chromestatus.com/feature/4733392803332096. See also more
background here: https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/6229325
Sources:
- https://web.dev/text-fragments/
- https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/4/21280115/google-search-engine-yellow-highlight-featured-snippet-anchor-text
- https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/18/21295300/google-link-to-text-fragment-chrome-extension-chromium-highlight-scroll-down
- https://searchengineland.com/google-launches-featured-snippet-to-web-page-content-highlight-feature-335511
- https://blog.chromium.org/2019/12/chrome-80-content-indexing-es-modules.html