Whenever you have a product object, you can access its attribute set like this:
$attributeSetModel = Mage::getModel("eav/entity_attribute_set");
$attributeSetModel->load($product->getAttributeSetId());
$attributeSetName = $attributeSetModel->getAttributeSetName();
This will give you the name of the attribute set, which you can then compare using strcmp:
if(0 == strcmp($attributeSetName, 'My Attribute Set')) {
print $product->getAttributeText('attribute');
}