Clicking on Download in Xcode didn’t do anything – the progress bar did not progress (does that make it a regress bar?).
This is what worked for me:
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Open Xcode, open preferences, go to the Components section.
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Open the Console App, clear the console.
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Go back to the Xcode preferences. Start the simulator download, then cancel it.
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Now in the Console, you will see something about the cancellation with the download URL.
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Copy the URL from the Console. Then in Terminal in some suitable scratch folder, download it:
curl [the url you copied] -O
(the letter O, not a zero) -
Finally, copy this file to ~/Library/Caches/com.apple.dt.Xcode/Downloads
Remove all *.dvtdownloadableindex files (maybe it doesn’t matter, but I removed them). -
In Xcode, in the Downloads section, start the Simulator download again, it should find the file you downloaded and install it.
How easy was that! Only 7 steps, hah!