While Chrome DevTools doesn’t have “Set Next Statement”, you can more explicitly define next statement by just editing the JavaScript while it’s paused at the breakpoint.
I’ve made a short screencast for you to show Chrome DevTools Live Edit + Breakpoint Debugging.
In essence: while at a breakpoint, live edit your script by clicking into the Scripts panel and making changes. Hit cmd + s to save. Then walk through that code with its new changes. Far more powerful than just bypassing code, you could be adding new functionality as well.