does angular material have a grid system?

If you are using Material2, you can use Angular Flex Layout for responsiveness. It compliments Angular2 well and is lightweight.

Basically Material2 + Flex-layout is equivalent to Bootsrap library.

Here’s an example of how flex-layout can be used for grid system/responsiveness with Angular/Material2.

Sample Code showing use of flex-layout API:

<div fxShow.xs="true" fxShow="false" >Screen size <h1>XS</h1></div>
    <div fxShow.sm="true" fxShow="false" >Screen size <h1>SM</h1></div>
    <div fxShow.md="true" fxShow="false" >Screen size <h1>MD</h1></div>
    <div fxShow.lg="true" fxShow="false" >Screen size <h1>LG</h1></div>
    <div fxShow.xl="true" fxShow="false" >Screen size <h1>XL</h1></div>

    <div fxLayout="row" 
         fxLayout.xs="column"
         fxLayoutGap="10px"
         fxLayoutAlign.xs="center center"
         fxLayoutWrap>
      <div class="sample-div" fxFlexOrder.lt-md="7">Div 1</div>
      <div class="sample-div" fxFlexOrder.lt-md="6">Div 2</div>
      <div class="sample-div" fxFlexOrder.lt-md="5">Div 3</div>
      <div class="sample-div" fxFlexOrder.lt-md="4">Div 4</div>
      <div class="sample-div" fxFlexOrder.lt-md="3">Div 5</div>
      <div class="sample-div" fxFlexOrder.lt-md="2">Div 6</div>
      <div class="sample-div" fxFlexOrder.lt-md="1">Div 7</div>
      <div class="sample-div" fxFlexOrder.lt-md="0">Div 8</div>
    </div>