Credits for the answer to @Stephen Ruda
I have run into the exact same problem. I agree that this is an issue for any developer who needs background location permission. I would like to add additional notes for other readers:
(1) On API 30+ you will first need basic location permissions before asking for background location permission – otherwise, it won’t go to the permission screen at all.
(2) When you ask for background location permission and it sends them to the permission request screen, it will only ‘lock’ the user out if they ONLY hit the back button. If they tap any of the options and then back the request will work again.