In my case the answer turned out to be quite simple:
$this->expects($this->at(0))
->method('write')
->with(/* first set of params */);
$this->expects($this->at(1))
->method('write')
->with(/* second set of params */);
The key is to use $this->at(n), with n being the Nth call of the method. I couldn’t do anything with any of the logicalOr() variants I tried.