Are you referring to the AngularUI Router? If so, the wiki specifies the differences:
$state.go(to [, toParams] [, options])
Returns a Promise representing the state of the transition.
Convenience method for transitioning to a new state.
$state.gocalls$state.transitionTointernally but automatically sets options to{ location: true, inherit: true, relative: $state.$current, notify: true }. This allows you to easily use an absolute or relative to path and specify only the parameters you’d like to update (while letting unspecified parameters inherit from the current state).
$state.transitionTo(to, toParams [, options])
Returns a Promise representing the state of the transition.
Low-level method for transitioning to a new state.
$state.go()usestransitionTointernally.$state.go()is recommended in most situations.