It would appear that you are attempting to deploy Kubernetes leveraging kubeadm but have skipped the step of Installing a pod network add-on (CNI). Notice the warning:
The network must be deployed before any applications. Also, CoreDNS will not start up before a network is installed. kubeadm only supports Container Network Interface (CNI) based networks (and does not support kubenet).
Once you do this, the CoreDNS pods should come up healthy. This can be verified with:
kubectl -n kube-system -l=k8s-app=kube-dns get pods
Then the kubernetes-dashboard pod should come up healthy as well.