That exists with slightly different syntax:
<template ngFor let-element [ngForOf]="data" let-i="index">
<tr>...</tr> //row 1
<tr>...</tr> //row 2
</template>
or
<ng-container *ngFor="let element of data let i=index">
<tr>...</tr> //row 1
<tr>...</tr> //row 2
</ng-container>
update for >= 4.0.0 <template>
was changed to <ng-template>
<ng-template ngFor let-element [ngForOf]="data" let-i="index">
<tr>...</tr> //row 1
<tr>...</tr> //row 2
</ng-template>