How can I list all variables that are in a given scope?

You can access the symbol table, check out p. 293 of “Programming Perl”
Also look at “Mastering Perl: http://www252.pair.com/comdog/mastering_perl/
Specifically: http://www252.pair.com/comdog/mastering_perl/Chapters/08.symbol_tables.html

Those variables you are looking for will be under the main namespace

A quick Google search gave me:

{
    no strict 'refs';

    foreach my $entry ( keys %main:: )
    {
        print "$entry\n";
    }
}

You can also do

*sym = $main::{"https://stackoverflow.com/"}

and likewise for other values

If you want to find the type of the symbol you can do (from mastering perl):

foreach my $entry ( keys %main:: )
{
    print "-" x 30, "Name: $entry\n";

    print "\tscalar is defined\n" if defined ${$entry};
    print "\tarray  is defined\n" if defined @{$entry};
    print "\thash   is defined\n" if defined %{$entry};
    print "\tsub    is defined\n" if defined &{$entry};
}