You can try to modify content of your PDF as follows
-
Uncompress the text streams of PDF
pdftk file.pdf output uncompressed.pdf uncompress -
Use sed to replace your text with another
sed -e "s/ORIGINALSTRING/NEWSTRING/g" <uncompressed.pdf >modified.pdf -
If this attempt was successful, re-compress the PDF with pdftk
pdftk modified.pdf output recompressed.pdf compress
Note: This way is not successful every time, mainly due to font subsetting