How do you know what SRID to use for a shp file?

To elaborate on synecdoche’s answer, the SRID is sometimes called an “EPSG” code. The SRID/EPSG code is a defacto short-hand for the Well-Known-Text representations of projections.

You can do a quick search on the SRID table to see if you can find an exact or similar match:
SELECT srid, srtext, proj4text FROM spatial_ref_sys WHERE srtext ILIKE '%BLAH%'

Above was found at http://www.bostongis.com/?content_name=postgis_tut01.

You can also search on spatialreference.org for these kinds of things. The search tool is primitive so you may have to use a Google search and specify the site, but any results will show you the ESRI PRJ contents, the PostGIS SQL INSERT, and a bunch of other representations.

I think your PRJ is at: http://spatialreference.org/ref/sr-org/15/

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