pyspark count rows on condition

count doesn’t sum Trues, it only counts the number of non null values. To count the True values, you need to convert the conditions to 1 / 0 and then sum:

import pyspark.sql.functions as F

cnt_cond = lambda cond: F.sum(F.when(cond, 1).otherwise(0))
test.groupBy('x').agg(
    cnt_cond(F.col('y') > 12453).alias('y_cnt'), 
    cnt_cond(F.col('z') > 230).alias('z_cnt')
).show()
+---+-----+-----+
|  x|y_cnt|z_cnt|
+---+-----+-----+
| bn|    0|    0|
| mb|    2|    2|
+---+-----+-----+