I resolved this issue by setting System.Web.Mvc.MvcWebRazorHostFactory, System.Web.Mvc Version to 5.2.0.0 and it worked, finally! Why 5.2.0.0? Same version as NuGet Microsoft ASP.NET project.
So, the line in /Views/Web.Config should be:
<host factoryType="System.Web.Mvc.MvcWebRazorHostFactory, System.Web.Mvc, Version=5.2.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />