You can use ISODate to compare dates:
"$lte" : ISODate("2015-06-17T10:03:46Z")
ISODate works because that is the format your date is in.
new Date()
wraps the date in an ISODate helper, but is not able to convert in your query.
Check out this link for more information: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/v4.2/core/shell-types/