It is intentional that there is no replacement for this function. It is not too clear from the documentation, but from the docs:
Note: this method is only intended for debugging or implementing service management type user interfaces.
Basically, using the method to check other apps services was an unintended side-effect, so Google decided to remove it. Likely for privacy/security purposes to avoid apps “sniffing” other apps/services on the user’s device.
You didn’t mention your use-case, but you want to avoid asking users for permissions. However, Google is intentionally forcing developers to explicitly request permissions they need, a philosophy which you can find explained here.