I had a similar problem, and had to solve it in two steps:
$ docker exec <id> bash -c "mkdir -p /extract; cp -f /path/to/fileset* /extract"
$ docker cp <id>:/extract/. .
I had a similar problem, and had to solve it in two steps:
$ docker exec <id> bash -c "mkdir -p /extract; cp -f /path/to/fileset* /extract"
$ docker cp <id>:/extract/. .