Is there a PHP equivalent of JavaScript’s Array.prototype.some() function

It is not included, but they are easily created. This uses the SRFI-1 names any and every but can be renamed some and all:

function array_any(array $array, callable $fn) {
    foreach ($array as $value) {
        if($fn($value)) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

function array_every(array $array, callable $fn) {
    foreach ($array as $value) {
        if(!$fn($value)) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}