Regular Expressions in Elixir case

With case it is not possible, but you can use cond:

cond do
  some_string == "string"                     -> # do something
  String.match?(some_string, ~r/string[\d]+/) -> # do something
  true                                        -> # do something
end

The reason is that there is no way to hook into the pattern matching by calling special functions for specific values. I guess you got the idea from Ruby, which implements this by defining the special operator ===. This will be implicitly called by Ruby’s case statement and for a regex it will match the given value.