You can use the yum-builddep command from the yum-utils package to install all the build dependencies for a package.
The arguments can either be paths to spec files, paths to source RPMs or the names of packages which exist as source RPMs in a configured repository, for example:
yum-builddep my-package.spec
or
yum-builddep my-package.src.rpm
The same thing can be achieved on newer versions of Fedora that use dnf as their package manager by making sure that dnf-plugins-core is installed and then doing:
dnf builddep my-package.spec
or
dnf builddep my-package.src.rpm