The following PowerShell code compares the file listings of two folders. It will detect renamed or newly created files and folders, but it will not detect modified data or different timestamps:
$dir1 = Get-ChildItem -Recurse -path C:\dir1
$dir2 = Get-ChildItem -Recurse -path C:\dir2
Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $dir1 -DifferenceObject $dir2
Source: MS Devblog – Dr. Scripto
3rd party edit
How to run a PowerShell script explains how to run the code above in a script.