This uses Javascript, but you don’t have to write your own validation routine. Instead just check the validity.valid property. This will be true if and only if the input falls within the range.
<html>
<body>
<form action="#">
<input type="number" name="test" min=0 oninput="validity.valid||(value="");"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>