You can certainly move your rewrite rules and mappings out to a separate file:
Storing URL rewrite mappings in a separate file
<system.webServer>
<rewrite>
<rewriteMaps configSource="rewritemaps.config" />
<rules configSource="rewriteRules.config" />
</rewrite>
</system.webServer>
In addition you can move quite a few configuration sections to their own files:
<appSettings configSource="appSettings.config" />
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<connectionStrings configSource="connectionStrings.config"/>
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<pages configSource="pages.config"/>
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For more info see this page which will help you decide if a configuration section can be stored externally:
General Attributes Inherited by Section Elements