Encapsulate the query in a sub-query to transform “no row” to a null value.
I tested and verified this with PostgreSQL, SQLite, SQL Server, and MySQL.
SELECT (SELECT id FROM tbl WHERE id = 9823474) AS id;
In Oracle you have to select from the dummy 1-row table DUAL:
SELECT (SELECT id FROM tbl WHERE id = 9823474) AS id FROM DUAL;
You can do the same in MySQL for compatibility reasons, but you don’t have to.
Similar in Firebird:
SELECT (SELECT id FROM tbl WHERE id = 9823474) AS id FROM RDB$DATABASE;
This does it for DB2 (like Sean commented):
SELECT (SELECT id FROM tbl WHERE id = 9823474) AS id FROM SYSIBM.SYSDUMMY1;