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The event loop is, first and foremost, a high-level concept that’s a fundamental part of the JavaScript programming model. Practically, every V8 embedder needs to implement an event loop. V8 provides a default implementation, which embedders can replace or extend.
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I don’t understand the question. (I guess the answer is “yes”, but what’s the difference between “event loop” and “event queue”?)
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None. (Except that Node.js uses both.)
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Yes, the event loop is single-threaded.
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Yes, browsers have an event loop too (see question 1).