It happened to me when my LocalDB got updated (probably by Visual Studio installer)
I’ve recreated the instance using the following steps in PowerShell console:
λ SqlLocalDB delete MSSQLLocalDB
LocalDB instance "MSSQLLocalDB" deleted.
λ SqlLocalDB create MSSQLLocalDB
LocalDB instance "MSSQLLocalDB" created with version 13.1.4001.0.
λ SqlLocalDB start MSSQLLocalDB
LocalDB instance "MSSQLLocalDB" started.