How can I define a maximal amount of ticks in a d3.svg.axis

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One of these two should do it for you. Just specify axis.ticks(10) to specify the number of tick marks or axis.tickValues([1,2,4]) to specify the actual tick marks that should appear.

Since you are using dates, you’ll need to do something like this:

 .ticks(d3.time.weeks, 2)

You can read more about time intervals at https://github.com/mbostock/d3/wiki/Time-Intervals. You can see an example about how I do this at http://bl.ocks.org/1962173 to update the ticks based on the length of time being shown.

if ((maxExtent - minExtent) > 1468800000) {
    x1DateAxis.ticks(d3.time.mondays, 1).tickFormat(d3.time.format('%a %d'))
    x1MonthAxis.ticks(d3.time.mondays, 1).tickFormat(d3.time.format('%b - Week %W'))        
}
else if ((maxExtent - minExtent) > 172800000) {
    x1DateAxis.ticks(d3.time.days, 1).tickFormat(d3.time.format('%a %d'))
    x1MonthAxis.ticks(d3.time.mondays, 1).tickFormat(d3.time.format('%b - Week %W'))
}
else {
    x1DateAxis.ticks(d3.time.hours, 4).tickFormat(d3.time.format('%I %p'))
    x1MonthAxis.ticks(d3.time.days, 1).tickFormat(d3.time.format('%b %e'))
}

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